ИЗВЕСТИЯ СОИГСИ

DOI 10.23671/VNC.2018.66.11461

In the XIXth century in Ossetia a change of the feudal attitudes by the bourgeois ones took place. Aas a result a new, bourgeois type of artistic culture with particular artistic ideology was born, which claimed the slogan of individual freedom. In fact, however, the new "non-freedom" of the individual was born. Suddenly many of the imperfections and shortcomings of the capitalist society became obvious. And this "enlightenment" was clearly and vividly reflected in the artistic consciousness, in its powerful aesthetic and methodological tool, the artistic method of critical realism. Ossetian art of critical realism focused its attention on class roots of the social processes and phenomena. Realist artist showed qualities of a thinker, analyzing the laws of life, formulating their thoughts in images, obeying the objective laws of aesthetics. Generally the Ossetian art of critical realism reflected the inconsistency of the bourgeois society to the norms of humanism, protest against all norms of social and spiritual enslavement of a man. The art of critical realism sounded not only the social protest, the relationship of the public consciousness with the liberation movement of the working class in the South Ossetia and in Russia was also reflected. The Ossetian artistic consciousness of the late XIX – early XXth centuries developed new principles of social psychological works with their philosophical and ethical orientation; i.e. generating new ways of understanding human nature, its psychology and the inner world. Important in the development of the artistic consciousness of the Ossetians at this stage is the principle of realistic images of life "in the forms of the life itself". Critical realism united into a single contradictory whole a human, the nature and the society, i.e. wanted to see the world in its complex unity and contradictions, in their interdependence. After all, realism in the mature forms suggests featuring life in images that are relevant to the essence of the phenomena of the life itself, and are created through typification of the facts of the reality. All this constitutes functional peculiarities and historical role, the purpose of critical realism in the culture of the Ossetians in general and in the Ossetian literature in particular.

Keywords: realism, an artistic method, the nature and the circumstances, manner, knowledge, image, writer.

References:

1. Osetiny vo II polovine XVIII veka po nabljudenijam puteshestvennika Shtedera [Ossetians in the second half of the XVIII century according to observations of traveler Steder]. Ordzhonikidze, State Publishing house of the North Ossetian ASSR, 1940. 60 p.

2. Gagloev F.Z., and others (comp.). Osetinskaja proza. Literaturno-hudozhestvennyj sbornik [Ossetian prose. Literary collection]. Tbilisi, Zarya Vostoka, 1958. 363 p.

3. Terskie vedomosti [Terek statements]. 1896, no. 147.

4. Severnyj Kavkaz [North Caucasus]. 1897, no. 58.

5. Severnyj Kavkaz [North Caucasus]. 1896, no. 70.

6. Severnyj Kavkaz [North Caucasus]. 1897, no. 9, 14, 37.

7. Khetagurov K.L. Polnoe sobranie sochinenij v 5-ti tomah [Complete works in 5 vols]. Vladikavkaz, V.A. Gassiev Republican Publishing and Printing Centre, 1999, vol. 2.

8. Khetagurov K.L. Polnoe sobranie sochinenii v 5-ti tomah [Complete works in 5 volumes]. Vladikavkaz, V.A. Gassiev Republican Publishing and Printing Centre, 1999, vol. 1.

9. Khetagurov K.L. Polnoe sobranie sochinenii v 5-ti tomah [Complete works in 5 vols]. Vladikavkaz, V.A. Gassiev Republican Publishing and Printing Centre, 2000, vol. 3.

10. Marx K., Engels F. Ob iskusstve. V 2-h tomah [About the art. In 2 vols]. Moscow, Iskusstvo, 1967, vol. 1.

11. Kozhevnikov V.M., Nikolaev P.A. (eds.) Literaturnyj jenciklopedicheskij slovar' [Literary encyclopedic dictionary]. Moscow, Sovetskaya entsiklopediya, 1987.