ИЗВЕСТИЯ СОИГСИ

Reviewing existing theories on the etymological development of the Ossetian lexeme бӕх / bӕh “horse, mare” suggests imperative to consider the whole complex of possible approaches and options: it can be a substrate word or a loan from a non-Indo-European language, it can be traced back to Indo-European or Iranian etymon, it can be Alan innovation proper. This word can be the result of a generalization of a semantic The substratum character of the word bӕh causes controversy from the moment of its appearance, it is critical to understand such factors as the vulnerability of the substratum nature of the Ossetian language, the singularity of the examples of this phenomenon leaves the question of the influence of the language of the aboriginal population on the language of the Ossetian ancestors open. The number of the parallels in the Caucasian languages is insufficient to justify the substratum approach, while outside the Caucasus the reflexes of the root are quite numerous. In addition, Caucasian reflexes are recorded only in closely related Nakh languages, and these reflexes are hyponyms of the Ossetian lexeme. Ossetian bӕh is regarded by a number of researchers as Turkism, re-borrowed over time into Turkic languages, where it is mainly represented as an initial element of the composite formation of bahmat. The hypothesis about the Iranian origin of the Ossetian word and the possible Iranian etymon goes back to H. Bailey and, in our opinion, is fruitful for further development. Such etymology unites into a system of cognates the facts scattered in the Indo-European languages, where phonetically and semantically similar exponent is recorded. We also bring into focus the Indo-Iranian root with the meaning "young animal". It is suggested not to disregard as possible cognates of бӕх / bӕh words with the meaning "male", "male animal". Similar semantic development is noted in such lexemes in quite a number of languages.

Keywords: hippological lexicon, hipponim, substrate, Alanism, Turkism, loanword, etymology, etymon.

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