ИЗВЕСТИЯ СОИГСИ

The article explores the philistine class of the North Caucasus in the context of economic and socio-political processes. The peculiarities of formation and development of the philistine class in the cities of the North Caucasus are considered; its legal, social and economic aspects are analyzed. Created to meet state needs, the philistine community was introduced and affirmed among the citizens during the late imperial period of the Russian state. Gradually, becoming an integral part of the urban society, the middle class began to participate in the formation of city budgets, in their expenditure part. The money collected from the townspeople was spent on the maintenance of institutions, police, city services, improvement, improvement of state roads, etc. The state sought to regulate their employment, participate in the administration, monitor the entry and exit from the estate. Belonging to philistinism in many ways determined the status and financial situation of the townspeople. The analysis of the sources, in particular, of the First General Census of the Russian Empire for 1897 in the Terek and the Kuban Regions and the Stavropol Gubernia, as well as the materials of the Central State Archives of the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania, made it possible to recreate the picture of socioeconomic and political transformations taking place in the Terek region and to reveal the place of the philistine class in these processes. The study of the activity of the philistine class allows us to conclude that the burghers of the North Caucasian cities were notable for their social activity, and unlike the townspeople of the large Russian cities, they took more active part in the formation of city assemblies, in the meetings of the urban society. However, this feature could not affect the general trend of leveling the estates as stratum of a transforming society.

Keywords: commoners, urban estate, North Caucasus, provincial town, Russian Empire, social and economic environment, urbanization, social mobility, citizens.

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