ИЗВЕСТИЯ СОИГСИ

DOI 10.23671/VNC.2018.66.11468

The development of the factory industry is considered in the article. It is noted that inclusion of Dagestan into Russia contributed to the emergence of goods of the factory industry, replacement of some products of handicraft production of the Dagestan region. New industries arose in Dagestan by the end of the XIX century such as: distillery, fish, textile, mining, canning. Significant role in creating industrial enterprises of Dagestan belonged to Russian and foreign capital. Factory industry that emerged in the post-reform period was further developed in the early XXth century. Nearly all enterprises were small and poorly equipped technically, but among them there were enterprises equipped according with the technical requirements of their time. Rapid development of industry, transport links in the period from the 90s of the XIXth century by 1917 led to a significant increase in the number of workers of the region. The working class was formed in two ways: through the inflow of labor from the economically developed regions of the country, and also by forming local national cadres of workers. In addition, there was another source – seasonal workers from Northern Iran (mainly Iranian Azerbaijanis). Russians who worked mainly in industrial production were mostly qualified workers, while the percentage of skilled workers of local nationalities was low, about 15-20% of the total number of permanent workers. In the handicrafts industries: in the fruit-canning, leather and arms industries, indigenous Dagestanis dominated, among them a large number of skilled workers predominated. In addition to permanent workers in Dagestan, tens of thousands of temporary workers were employed every year - Dagestani, Russian and Iranian peasants hired for seasonal labour.

Keywords: Dagestan region, handicraft industry, factory industry, Russian and foreign capital, qualified workers, workers of local nationalities.

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