ИЗВЕСТИЯ СОИГСИ

DOI 10.23671/VNC.2018.66.11389

The article is devoted to the problems of construction and functioning of the Darial fortification. Analysis of various sources proves, that the first defensive fortifications of the Central Transcaucasian highway were built on its southern Transcaucasian section. Their construction and control refers to the activities of the Seleucids and the Roman rulers. Only after the submission of the Eastern Transcaucasia of Persia and with the aggravation of the situation for Transcaucasian possessions of Persia and Byzantium as a result of the invasions from the North Caucasus, the question about the joint construction and maintenance of the Daryal fortification arose. It was erected by the Persians during the reign of Ezdigerde I between 413–414 and 421 years. Later it was strengthened by Kavad I and Khosrow I Anushirvan. The name – «The Gate of Alans» –fortificarion got after the name of the place of its erection, and had been earlier given to it by the same Persians. Strengthening functioned at the expense of subsidies provided by both empires, and to the garrison, in addition to the Persians proper, local residents were recruited. Direct supervision of the fortification was carried out by the Persian governors, who could be appointed from among the rulers of the vassal possessions of Transcaucasia. In general, the Persians rationally managed local residents for the service in the garrisons and controlled the Darial Gorge. Darial strengthening served as the Northern defensive border of the Persian provinces, which included the Transcaucasian formations of Kartli, Albania and Armenia, and mountainous areas, where the population, for example, in the Darial Gorge remained independent of Kartli, in the end, eventually losing its own state status.

Keywords: Persians, Alans, written evidence, Gate of the Alans, defense line, Caucasus.

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