| Ognibene P. The Ancient Cities of Alans. |
 |
|
In the ancient Russian chronicles the Alanic town of Tetjakov / Dedjakov is mentioned twice: the first time in 1278 during the Mongol-Russian campaign against the Alans; the second time in 1318, when the chronicles described the murder of Michail of Tver’ near Tetjakov. Probably, at that time, the town was well-known because it was called “glorious Tetjakov”. In the record of 1318 we can find some important geographical references. By comparing the ancient Russian chronicles, we can determine a number of elements that, probably, were intended by the chroniclers to help the readers to locate this town, but in fact, with time most of them became obscure and now they are a puzzle difficult to be deciphered. However, from the XVIIIth century on, historians have tried to solve this problem and have discussed various locations of the town. In the XIXth and XXth centuries this work was continued and now there are some possible locations of this Alanic town. All these locations are disputable, as none of them fits all geographical and contextual elements listed in the chronicles, thus there is only partial concordance. At present the problem of the localization of Tetjakov / Dedjakov cannot be considered as solved. The aim of this article is not to give a new solution, but to analyze the identifications already proposed and critical discussion of their elements. Keywords: Tetjakov, Dedjakov, Alans, Russian chronicles.
References: 1. Artamonov M.I. Ocherki drevneishei istorii khazar [Sketches of ancient history of the Khazars]. Leningrad: Sotsekgiz, Leningradskoe otdelenie: Pechatnyi dvor im. A.M. Gor'kogo, 1936-7 2. Barsov N.P. Materialy dlya istoriko-geograficheskogo slovarya Rossii. T. 1: Geograficheskii slovar' russkoi zemli (IX-XIV st.) / cost. i izd. N. Barsov [Materials for the historical-geographical dictionary of Russia. Vol. 1: Geographic dictionary of the Russian land (IX-XIV centuries)/cost. and ed. N. Barsov]. Vil'na: Tip. A. Syrkina. 1865. 3. Belyaev I.D. O geograficheskikh svedeniyakh v drevnei Rossii [About geographic information in ancient Russia]. Zapiski Imperatorskogo RGO [Note the Caucasus Division of WGI. 6]. Sankt-Peterburg: Izd-vo Geograficheskogo Obshchestva, 1852. 4. Belokurov S.A. Snosheniya Rossii s Kavkazom. Materialy izvlechennye iz Moskovskogo glavnogo arkhiva Ministerstva inostrannykh del. Vyp. 1: 1578-1613 gg [Relations between Russia and the Caucasus. Materials extracted from the main archive of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. ISS. 1:1578-1613 Gg.]. Moscow, Universitetskaya tipografiya. ChOIDR, 3. 1889. 5. Butkov P.G. Materialy dlya novoi istorii Kavkaza s 1722 po 1803. T. 2. [ Materials for a new history of the Caucasus from 1722 to 1803. T. 2]. Sankt-Peterburg: Tipografiya Imperatorskoi Akademii Nauk, 1869. 6. Butkov P.G. Opyt drevnei istorii Osetii. Arkhiv AN SSSR. [Experience the ancient history of Ossetia. Archive Of The ACADEMY Of SCIENCES Of The USSR. Leningrad, manuscript Department, p. 7]. Leningrad, rukopisnyi otdel, p. 7. 7. Vagapov Ya.S. Lingvisticheskie dannye o mestopolozhenii i proiskhozhdenii nazvanii alanskikh gorodov Ma’as i Dedyakov [Linguistic data on the location and origin of names Alan Ma'as cities and Dedjakov] // Voprosy istoricheskoi geografii Checheno-Ingushetii v dorevolyutsionnom proshlom / Sost. Akhmadov Sh.B. – Akhmadov Ya.Z. [Questions of historical geography of Chechen-Ingushetia in the pre-revolutionary past/compl. Akhmadov Sh.b.-Akhmadov I]. Groznyi: ChI IISF, 1984, 15-24. 8. Vaneev Z.N. Narodnoe predanie o proiskhozhdenii osetin. K probleme obshchestvennogo stroya Ovskogo tsarstva [Folk legend about the origin of the Ossetians. The problem of social order Kingdom Principle]. Stalinir: Gosizdat Yugo-Osetii, 1956 9. Vinogradov V.B. Eshche raz o meste ubiistva Mikhaila Tverskogo, rechke “gorest'” i “slavnom grade yasskom Dedyakove”. Sbornik izbrannykh statei Vitaliya Borisovicha Vinogradova (k 70-letiyu so dnya rozhdeniya) [Once again about the scene of the murder of Mikhail of Tver, gorest River "and" the glorious city of Iasi country Dedjakove ". Compendium of selected articles by Vitaliy Borisovich Vinogradova (to the 70-th anniversary)]. Armavir, 2008, p.132-137; Uchenye zapiski Checheno-ingushskogo gosudarstvennogo pedagogicheskogo instituta. Seriya istoricheskikh nauk. no.26, vyp. 7 [Memoirs of the Chechen-Ingush State Pedagogical Institute. A series of historical sciences, no. 26, ISS. 7]. Groznyi: Chech.-ing. kn. izd., 1968,p. 62-70 10. Dorn B.A. Kaspii. O pokhodakh drevnikh russkikh v Tabaristan, s dopolnitel'nymi svedeniyami o drugikh nabegakh ikh na pribrezh'ya Kaspiiskogo moray [The Caspian Sea. Of ancient Russian campaigns in Tabaristan, with additional information about other raids them on the shore of the Caspian Sea]. Sankt-Peterburg: Tipografiya Akademii Nauk. Zapiski Akademii Nauk. 1875. T. 26. Prilozhenie 1. 11. Egorov V.L. Istoricheskaya geografiya Zolotoi Ordy v XIII-XIV vv. [Historical geography of the Golden Horde in the 13th-14th centuries]. Moscow: Nauka, 1985 12. Grebenets (Pankratov), F.S. Mogil'niki Kurtatinskogo ushchel'ya [Tombs of Kurtatinskogo Gorge] // Sbornik materialov o mestnostyakh i plemenakh Kavkaza [Compendium of districts and tribes of the Caucasus], вып. 44. Tiflis, 1915. С. 53-85 13. Zamyslovskii E.E. Uchebnyi atlas po russkoi istorii [Training on Russian history Atlas]. Sankt-Peterburg: Tip. Maikova. 1865 14. Istoriya Severo-Osetinskoi ASSR / Otv. red. Bushuev S.K. [History Of The North Ossetian ASSR/Otv. Ed. Bushuyev S.k.]. Moscow: AN SSSR. 1959 15. Karamzin N.M. Istoriya gosudarstva rossiiskago. Izd. pyatoe v trekh knigakh zaklyuchayushchikh v sebe dvenadtsat' tomov, s polnymi primechaniyami, ukrashennoe portretom avtora granirovannym na stali v Londone. Izdanie I. Einerlinga. 1842 Kniga I: tomy I-IV [The history of the Russian State. Ed. fifth in three books of enclosing in itself twelve volumes, with full footnotes, decorated with a portrait of the author granirovannym on steel in London. Edition And. Jeinerlinga. 1842. Book I: volumes I-IV]. Sankt-Peterburg: Tip. E. Pratsa (I izd. 1816). 16. Karaulov N.A. Svedeniya arabskikh pisatelei X i XI vekov po R. Khr. o Kavkaze, Armenii i Aderbeidzhane [Arab writers information X and XI centuries on Xp. o Caucasus, Armenia and Aderbejdzhane] // Sbornik materialov o mestnostyakh i plemenakh Kavkaza [Compendium of districts and tribes of the Caucasus], vyp. 31. Tiflis. 1902 17. Karaulov N.A. Svedeniya arabskikh pisatelei X i XI vekov po R. Khr. o Kavkaze, Armenii i Aderbeidzhane [Arab writers information X and XI centuries on Xp. o Caucasus, Armenia and Azerbejdzhane] // Sbornik materialov o mestnostyakh i plemenakh Kavkaza [Compendium of districts and tribes of the Caucasus]. vyp. 38. Tiflis. 1908 18. Karaulov M.A. Terskoe kazachestvo v proshlom i nastoyashchem. Pamyatka terskogo kazaka / Sost. podesaul Terskogo kazachego voiska M.A. Karaulov [Terskoe Cossacks in the past and present. Memo to the Terek Cossack/compl. Ter podesaul kazachego troops M.a. Karaulov]. Vladikavkaz: Tip. Terskogo Oblastnogo Pravleniya. 1912 19. Klyuchevskii V.O. Drevnerusskie zhitiya svyatykh kak istoricheskii istochnik / Izd. K. Soldatenkova [Ancient lives of the Saints as a historical source/ed. K. Soldatenkova]. Moscow: Tip. Gracheva. 1871 20. Kobeko D.F. Gde nakhodilsya upominaemyi v letopisyakh gorod Bezdezh? ZhMNPr. Shestoe desyatiletie, ch. CCLXXXIV, Noyabr' [Where was mentioned in the annals of the town of Bezděz? ZhMNPr. The sixth decade, h. CCLXXXIV, November]. Sankt-Peterburg: Tip. V.S. Balasheva, 1892. p.148-155. 21. Kokiev G.A. Nekotorye istoricheskie svedeniya o drevnikh gorodishchakh Tatartupa i Dzulata [Some historical information about ancient sites of Tatartupa and Dzulata] // Zapiski Rostovskogo nauchno-issledovatel'skogo instituta t. II. [Note the Rostov Scientific Research Institute, vol. II], Rostov-na-Donu 1929 22. Krupnov E.I. Novye arkheologicheskie issledovaniya [New archaeological research]. Sotsialisticheskaya Osetiya [Socialist Ossetia].1958, no.207. 23. Krupnov E.I. Vzaimnosvyazi Severnogo Kavkaza s drevnei Rus'yu [Communicate with each other in the Northern Caucasus since ancient Rus]. Sotsialisticheskaya Osetiya [Socialist Ossetia].1960, no.9. 24. Krupnov E.I. Po materialam rabot Severo-Kavkazskoi ekspeditsii. Tezisy dokladov na zasedaniyakh, posvyashchennykh itogam polevykh issledovanii v 1960 g. [On materials of the works of North Caucasus expedition. Book of abstracts of the meetings on the results of field studies in 1960 g.]. Moscow: AN SSSR, 1961 25. Krupnov E.I. Eshche raz o mestonakhozhdenii goroda Dedyakova. Slavyane i Rus'. K shestidesyatiletiyu akademika Borisa Aleksandrovicha Rybakova / Otv. red. E.I. Krupnov [Once again about the whereabouts of the city Dedjakova. The Slavs and RUS '. The sixtieth anniversary of academician Boris Alexandrovich Rybakov/Otv. Ed. E.i. Krupnov]. Moscow: Nauka,1968,p. 291-297. 26. Kuchkin V.A. Gde iskat' yasskii gorod Tyutyakov? [Where to find the city of Iasi, Tjutjakov?] // Izvestiya Severo-Osetinskogo nauchno-issledovatel'skogo instituta t. XXV[News North-Ossetian nauchno-Research Institute, vol. XXV], Ordzhonikidze, 1966,169-183. 27. Kuznetsov V.A. Raskopki alanskikh gorodov na Severnom Kavkaze [Excavations Alan cities in the North Caucasus] // Pamyatniki Kavkaza i Srednei Azii. Kratkie soobshcheniya o dokladakh i polevykh issledovaniyakh Instituta arkheologii AN SSSR. vyp. 98 [Monuments of the Caucasus and Central Asia. Brief reports on reports, and field studies of the Institute of archaeology of the ACADEMY of SCIENCES of the USSR. ISS. 98]. Moscow: Nauka, 1964, p.107-115 28. Kuznetsov V.A. Alaniya v X-XIII vv. [Alanya in X-XIII centuries].Ordzhonikidze: Ir, 1971 29. Kuznetsov V.A. Ocherki istorii alan [Essays on the history of Alan]. Ordzhonikidze: Ir, 1984 30. Kuznetsov V.A. Verkhnii Dzhulat. K istorii zolotoordynskikh gorodov Severnogo Kavkaza [Top Dzhulat. The history of the Golden Horde towns of North Caucasus]. Nal'chik: izd. otdel KBIGI RAN, 2014 31. Lavrov L.I. “Obezy” russkikh letopisei ["Obezy" Russian Chronicles] // Sovetskaya etnografiya. no.4[Soviet ethnography, №4]. Moscow – Leningrad: AN SSSR, 1946. p.161-170. 32. Lavrov L.I. Proiskhozhdenie kabardinskogo naroda i zaselenie nyneshnei territorii[The origin of the Kabardian people and populating present-day] // Sovetskaya etnografiya.№1 [Soviet ethnography, №1]. Moscow: AN SSSR,1956, p.19-28. 33. Mamaev Kh.M. O gorode Dedyakove i Alkhankalinskom gorodishche [About the town of Dedjakove and the Alhankalinskom hillfort] // Arkheologiya i voprosy etnicheskoi istorii Severnogo Kavkaza [Archaeology and ethnic history of the Northern Caucasus]. Groznyi, 1979. p.112-117. 34. Markovin V.I. – Oshaev, Kh.D. O mestopolozhenii yasskogo goroda Dedyakova (po sledam arkheologicheskikh issledovanii) [Location of the town of Jassy (Dedjakova in the footsteps of archaeological research)] // Sovetskaya arkheologiya [Sovetskaya arkheologiya], 1978,1,p. 83-96. 35. Miller Vs.F. Osetinskie etyudy, ch. II: Issledovaniya [Ossetian Etudes, part II: Study] // Uchenye zapiski Imperatorskogo moskovskogo universiteta. Otdel istoriko-filologicheskii. vyp. 2. [Memoirs of the Imperial Moscow University. Historical-philological Department. Vol. 2]. Moscow: Tip. A. Ivanova,1882 36. Miller Vs.F. Osetinskie etyudy, ch. III: Issledovaniya [Ossetian Etudes, ch. III: research] // Uchenye zapiski Imperatorskogo moskovskogo universiteta. Otdel istoriko-filologicheskii [Memoirs of the Imperial Moscow University. Historical-philological Department]. Moscow: Tip. E.G. Potapova 1887, vyp. 8. 37. Miloradovich O.V. Issledovanie gorodishcha Verkhnii Dzhulat v 1960 g. [Study on the settlement in 1960, Dzhulat Top] // Pamyatniki rannego srednevekov'ya Kratkie soobshcheniya o dokladakh i polevykh issledovaniyakh Instituta arkheologii [Monuments of the early middle ages. Brief reports on reports, and field studies of the Institute of archaeology]. Moscow: AN SSSR., 1962.vyp. 90, 56-59. 38. Miloradovich O.V. Srednevekovye mecheti gorodishcha Verkhnii Dzhulat. Srednevekovye pamyatniki Severnoi Osetii [Medieval mosque settlement Upper Dzhulat. Medieval monuments of North Ossetia] // Trudy Severo-Kavkazskoi ekspeditsii 1958-1960 gg. Materialy i issledovaniya po arkheologii SSSR. t. II. [Proceedings of the North-Caucasian expedition 1958-1960, materials and research on the archaeology of the USSR. Vol. II]. Moscow: AN SSSR. 1963, 114, 66-86. 39. Mishchenko F.G. K voprosu o tsarskikh skifakh [To the question about Royal Scythians] // Kievskaya starina [Kievskaya starina], 1884, 5, 55-76. 40. Nasonov A.N. Mongoly i Rus'. Istoriya tatarskoi politiki na Rusi [The Mongols and Russia. History of the Tatar policy in Russia]. Moscow – Leningrad: AN SSSR. 1940 41. Ob"edinenie russkikh zemel' vokrug Moskvy i obrazovanie russkogo tsentralizovannogo gosudarstva [The unification of the Russian lands around Moscow and the formation of the Russian centralized State] // Ocherki istorii SSSR. Period feodalizma IX-XV vv. ch. II: XIV-XV vv. Pod red. B.D. Grekova [Essays on the history of the USSR. Period of feudalism IX-XV centuries. Part II: XIV-XV centuries. Ed. B.d. Grekova]. Moscow: AN SSSR, 1953 42. Polnoe sobranie russkikh letopisei, izdannoe po vysochaishemu poveleniyu arkheograficheskoyu kommissieyu, t. II: Ipat'evskaya letopis'[Full collection of Russian Chronicles, published by the highest commandment of arheograficheskoju kommissieju, vol. II: the Ipatiev Chronicle]. Sankt-Peterburg: Tip. E. Pratsa. 1843 43. Polnoe sobranie russkikh letopisei, izdannoe po vysochaishemu poveleniyu arkheograficheskoyu kommissieyu, t. I: Lavrent'evskaya i Troitskaya letopisi [Full collection of Russian Chronicles, published by the highest commandment of arheograficheskoju kommissieju, t. I: and Trinity's Chronicle]. Sankt-Peterburg: Tip. E. Pratsa. 1846 44. Polnoe sobranie russkikh letopisei, izdannoe po vysochaishemu poveleniyu arkheograficheskoyu kommissieyu, t. VII: Letopis' po voskresenskomu spisku [Full collection of Russian Chronicles, published by the highest commandment of arheograficheskoju kommissieju, vol. VII: Chronicle on resurrection list]. Sankt-Peterburg: Tip. E. Pratsa. 1856 45. Polnoe sobranie russkikh letopisei, izdannoe po vysochaishemu poveleniyu arkheograficheskoyu kommissieyu, t. IX: Letopisnyi sbornik, imenuemyi Patriarsheyu ili Nikonovskoyu letopis'yu [Full collection of Russian Chronicles, published by the highest commandment of arheograficheskoju kommissieju, vol. IX: Annalistic collection, called Patriarsheju or Nikonovskoju Chronicle]. Sankt-Peterburg: Tip. E. Pratsa. 1885 46. Polnoe sobranie russkikh letopisei, izdannoe po vysochaishemu poveleniyu arkheograficheskoyu kommissieyu, t. XVIII: Simeonovskaya letopis' [Full collection of Russian Chronicles, published by the highest commandment of arheograficheskoju kommissieju, t. XVIII: Othodox Chronicle]. Sankt-Peterburg: Tip. E. Pratsa. 1913 47. Puteshestvie v Arzrum. Polnoe sobranie sochinenii v desyati tomakh, t. VI: Khudozhestvennaya proza [Journey to arzrum. Complete works in ten volumes, vol. VI: short fiction]. Leningrad: Nauka, 1978, p. 432-476. 48. Pfaff V. Materialy dlya istorii Osetii. Gl. VI-XXXVI [Materials for the history of Ossetia. HL. VI-XXXVI] // Sbornik svedenii o kavkazskikh gortsakh izdavaemyi s soizvoleniya ego imperatorskogo vysochestva glavnokomanduyushchego Kavkazskoyu Armieyu pri Kavkazskom gorskom upravlenii. Vyp. V [Collection of information about the Caucasian Highlanders. Published with the permission of his Imperial Highness the Commander-in-Chief of the Kavkazskoju Armieju in the Caucasus mountain management. ISS. (V)]. Tiflis: Tip. Glavnogo upravleniya Namestnika kavkazskogo, 1871,1-100 (117-206). 49. Pchelina E.G. Krepost' Zil'de Masig v Yugo Osetii [Fortress Zilde Masig in South Ossetia] //Sovetskaya etnografiya [Soviet Ethnography], 3. Moscow – Leningrad: AN SSSR,1934,p. 87-101. 50. Pchelina E.G. O mestonakhozhdenii yasskogo goroda Dedyakova po russkim letopisyam i istoricheskoi literature [The whereabouts of Jassy city Dedjakova on Russian Chronicles and historical literature] //Srednevekovye pamyatniki Severnoi Osetii. Trudy Severo-Kavkazskoi ekspeditsii 1958-1960 gg. Materialy i issledovaniya po arkheologii SSSR t. II. [Medieval monuments of North Ossetia. Proceedings of the North-Caucasian expedition 1958-1960, vol. II]. Moscow: AN SSSR,1963., 114, 152-161 51. Rybakov B.A. Rus' i Khazariya. K istoricheskoi geografii Khazarii. Akademiku B.D. Grekovu ko dnyu semidesyatiletiya. Sbornik statei / Redkol. akad. V.P. Volgin i dr. [Russ and Khazaria. The historical geography of Khazaria. Academician B.d. Grekov timed for the 70th anniversary. A collection of articles/Editorial. akad. V.p. Volgin, etc]. Moscow – Leningrad: AN SSSR. 1952 52. Safargaliev M.G. Gde nakhodilsya zolotoordynskii gorod Dedyakov [Where was the Golden Horde city Dedjakov] // Uchenie zapiski Mordovskogo pedagogicheskogo instituta, vyp. IV [Teaching notes Mordvin Pedagogical Institute, ISS. (IV)]. Saransk, 1956. p. 128-137 53. Semenov L.P. Tatartupskii minaret [Tatartupskij minaret]. Dzaudzhikau: Izd. Severo-Osetinskoi ASSR. 1947 54. Semenov L.P. Iz istorii goroda Dzaudzhikau [From the history of the city Nature]. Dzaudzhikau: Severo-Osetinskoe knizhnoe izdatel'stvo. 1947 55. Semenov L.P. Arkheologicheskie i etnograficheskie razyskaniya v Ingushetii v 1925-1932 gg. [Archaeological and ethnographic search in Ingushetia in 1925-1932 Gg.]. Groznyi: Checheno-ingush. kn. izdatel'stvo, 1963 56. Skitskii B.V. Iz proshlogo goroda Dzaudzhikau [From the past Nature city] // Sotsialisticheskaya Osetiya [Socialist Ossetia], 1944. no.55 (19-go marta) 57. Solov'ev S.M. Sochineniya.Kn. II: Istoriya Rossii s drevneishikh vremen. t. 3-4 [Compositions. Kn. II: history of Russia from the earliest times, t. 3-4]. Moscow: Mysl', 1988 (I izd.. 1851). 58. Suleimanov A.S. Toponimiya Checheno-Ingushetii, ch. I: Gornaya Chechnya [The toponymy of Chechen-Ingushetia, h. I: Mountain Chechnya]. Groznyi: Chech.-ing. kn. izdatel'stvo, 1976 59. Tatishchev V.N. Istoriya rossiiskaya s samykh drevneishikh vremen neusypnymi trudami cherez tridtsat' let sobrannaya i opisannaya Pokoinym Tainym Sovetnikom i Astrakhanskim gubernatorom Vasil'em Nikitichem Tatishchevym kn. IV. [Russian history from the most ancient times neusypnymi works in thirty years collected and described the deceased a secret Advisor and Governor of Astrakhan Vasilem Nikitichem Tatishhevym kn. IV]. Sankt-Peterburg: Tipografiya Veitbrekhta, 1784 60. Tolstoi I.I. – Kondakov N.P. Russkie drevnosti v pamyatnikakh iskusstva, vyp. III. [Russian antiquity monuments of art. (III)]. Sankt-Peterburg: Ministerstva putei soobshcheniya. 1890 61. Fren Kh.D. Opuscularum postumorum manuscriptum, 2, LIV, Georg. arkhiv AN SSSR. Leningrad. 62. Chelebi E. Kniga puteshestviya. Vyp. 2: Zemli Severnogo Kavkaza, Povolzh'ya i Podon'ya. Pamyatniki literatury narodov Vostoka. Perevody [Book travel. ISS. 2: the land of the North Caucasus, the Volga and the Don. Monuments of Oriental literature. Translations]. Moscow: Nauka, 1979 63. Shtro V.A. Derbent i Zheleznye vorota v drevnerusskoi literature [Derbent and iron gates in ancient literature] // Trudy otdela drevnerusskoi literatury t. XLII. [Derbent and iron gates in ancient literature]. Leningrad: Nauka, 1989. p. 262-267. 64. Shcherbatov M.M. Istoriya rossiiskaya ot drevneishikh vremen, t. III: Ot pokoreniya Rossii tatarami do velikogo Knyazya Dmitriya Ioannovicha Donskogo [History of Russia from the earliest times, t. III: from conquering Russia Tatars to Grand Duke Dmitry Ivanovich Donskoy]. Sankt-Peterburg: Imperatorskaya Akademiya Nauk, 1774 65. Yakovlev N.F. Voprosy izucheniya chechentsev i ingushei. Lektsiya, chitannaya 17 aprelya 1927 goda na ob"edinennom sobranii chechensk. i ingushsk. zemlyachestv studentov g. Moskvy [Problems in studies of the Chechens and Ingushes. Lecture, April 17, 1927 chitannaja year at a joint meeting of Chechen. and ingushsk. communities of students of Moscow]. Groznyi: Chechnarobraz tipo-lit. chechensk. gaz. Serlo. 1927. 66. Alemany A. Sources on the Alans. A Critícal Compilation. Leiden – Boston – Köln: Brill. Handbook of Oriental Studies. Section Eight: Central Asia, 2000,5. 67. Anderson A. R. “Alexander at the Caspian Gates”. Transactions and Proceedings of the American Philological Association, 1928, vol. 59, 130-163. 68. Gnoli Gh. “Avestan Geography”. Encyclopaedia iranica, vol. 3, fs. 1. Ed. by E. Yarshater. London – Boston: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1987,44-47. 69. Gnoli Gh. The Idea of Iran. An Essay on Its Origin. Roma: Istituto Italiano per l’Africa e l’Oriente. Serie Orientale Roma, 1989,62. Giovanni di Pian di Carpine, Storia dei Mongoli. A cura di P. Daffinà – C. Leonardi – M.C. Lungarotti – E. Menestò – L. Petech. Spoleto: CISAM. Biblioteca del “Centro per il collegamento degli studi medievali e umanistici nell’Università di Perugia”, 1989,1.
|