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Keywords: North Caucasus, Russian Empire, integration policy, russification, colonization, Russian language, cultural institutions.
The article considers the problem of Russification of the North Caucasian peoples in the process of their integration into the Russian state in the second half of the XIX – early XXth centuries. In the centre of attention is the integration policy of the Russian Empire aimed at the formation of a single socio-cultural, economic, political all-Russian national identity and the assertion of Russian statehood in the North Caucasus region. The study of several works of different authors enables to makea brief analysis of the notion of "Russification", identify the main factors, vectors and effectiveness of Russification conducted by the authorities. It is determined that the most important mechanism on the way of Russification of the North Caucasian highlanders was colonization, which the Russian Empire regarded as the most effective way to assert its presence in the region. The process of settlement of the North Caucasian territory by Cossacks and immigrants from the inner provinces of Russia was not only a condition, but also an important factor in the Russification of the region. The state was regulating the influx of the “Russian element" into theNorth Caucasus and had high expectations of the russifying influence of the settlers, who could have a cultural and ideological impact on the local population. It was assumed that the peoples of the North Caucasus interacting with Russian settlers will be able to see for themselves some practical benefitof such cooperation and will be interested in "Russian culture" and "Russian model" of centralized social organization. It is established that the Russian language, educational and cultural institutions, forming a kind of cultural and historical environment favorable for acculturation of the North Caucasian population, contained a powerful potential. The study concluded that the integration policy of the Russian Empire, based on the idea of Russification, contributed to a powerful civilizational impulse in the development of economic, socio-political and cultural spheres of life of the North Caucasian peoples and accelerated their successful integration into the multi-ethnic Russian society.
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