The article proves that the abstract meaning of completeness / duration of verbal action can be considered as the main semantic feature of aspect in the typologically different languages. This feature gives basis for the comparison of aspectological potential of the languages with different typological structures (namely French, Russian and Ossetian). Comparative-typological studies, conducted in terms of closely related languages and unrelated ones, reveal the undeniable fact that the basis of all differences (of lexical, semantic and syntactic nature) are accounted for, first and foremost, by the systemic features of any given natural language. Some differences between the French, Russian and Ossetian linguistic systems manifested in the ability of the reviewd language cultures can serve as an illustration to the above stated fact to express a variety of aspect meanings. For typological research of aspects it becomes important to identify the common parameters, allowing the correlation of the systems content studied in the framework of the indicated problem. Thus, in particular, it seems appropriate to consider the abstract value of completeness / duration of actions as the main semantic characteristic of the verbal form in the languages of different structural models (in our case: French, Russian and Ossetian). Within the mentioned correlations more specific semantic meanings, namely, duration/continuity, completeness /incompleteness of the process, are found. The last of the semantic characteristics can be included in their activity attitude to the result, which is quite natural, as we judge the effectiveness only in case of completed action. Unfinished action can achieve no result. The given significance of the aspect occurs in the speech stream as a result of interactions between various linguistic levels: the lexical meaning of the verbal lexeme together with the value of its grammatical forms and syntactic environments. In other words, within the functional-semantic category (FSC) of aspectuality is the distribution of semantic features to the main categorical and peripheral ones. It seems like the regularity of expression of the latter is narrowed from one aspect feature to another. For example, if the duration is inherent in almost any process action, not any integral action is effective.

Keywords: contrastive method, functional-semantic category, verbal paradigm; aspectual meaning; semantic dominant, grammatical marker, semantic features.

References:

1. Abaev V.I. Lingvisticheskij modernizm kak degumanizacija nauki o jazyke [Linguistic modernism as the dehumanization of the science of language]. Voprosy jazykoznanija [Problems of linguistics]. Moscow, Nauka Publishing house, 1965, no. 3, pp. 22- 43.

2. Koseriu E. Kontrastivnaja lingvistika i perevod: ih sootnoshenie [Contrastive linguistics and translation: their relations]. Novoe v zarubezhnoj lingvistike. Kontrastivnaja lingvistika [New in foreign linguistics. Contrastive linguistics]. Moscow, Progress Publishing house, 1989, vol. XXV, pp. 63-81.

3. Rolland R. Colas Breugnon. Moscow, Progress Publishing house, 1968.

4. Pickova L. P. Sistemnoe znachenie morfologicheskoj formy v aspekte sintagmatiki i paradigmatiki (na materiale vida i perfektnosti francuzskogo jazyka) [System significance of a morphological form within a framework of syntagmatics and paradigmatics (based on materials of aspect and perfection of French language]. Moscow, Narodnyi uchitel Publishing house, 2002.

5. Vasilieva N.M.. Pickova L.P. Le Français. Teoreticheskaja grammatika: Morfologija Sintaksis [French. Theoretical grammar: Morphology Syntax]. Moscow, Vysshaya shkola Publishing house, 1991.

6. Timberleyk A. Dinamika leksiki, vremeni i diskursa (zamechanija po povodu ankety po aspektologii) [Dynamics of lexicon, time and discourse (remarks on Aspectology questionary)]. Trudy aspektologicheskogo seminara filologicheskogo fakul'teta MGU im. M.V. Lomonosova [Aspectological seminar works of Lomonosov MSU Philology faculty]. Moscow, Moscow State university Publ., 1997, vol. 2, pp. 195-205.

7. Pitskova L.P. Grammaticheskaja kategorija vida v sovremennom francuzskom jazyke [Aspect as grammatical category in modern French]. Moscow, Vysshaja shkola Publishing house, 1982.

8. Daudet A. Lettres de mon moulin. Paris, Bibliothèque-Charpentier, 1937.

9. Dode A. Pis'ma s mel'nicy [Letters from a mill]. Collected works. In 7 vols. Moscow, Pravda Publishing house, 1965, vol. 1, pp. 271- 404.

10. Kalabekova L.T. Sposoby glagol'nogo dejstvija v kontrastivnom osveshhenii (na materiale francuzskogo, russkogo, osetinskogo jazykov) [Ways of verbal action in contrastive highlight (based on materials of the French, Russian and Ossetian languages]. Vladikavkaz, K.L. Khetagurov North Ossetian State University Publ., 2015.

11. Shelyakin M.A. O spornyh voprosah russkoj aspektologii [About controversial issues of the Russian Aspectology]. Trudy aspektologicheskogo seminara filologicheskogo fakul'teta MGU im. M.V.Lomonosova [Aspectological seminar works of Lomonosov MSU Philology faculty]. Moscow, Moscow state University Publ., 1997, vol. 1, pp. 210-219.

12. Zaliznyak Anna A., Shmelyov A.D. Vvedenie v russkuju aspektologiju [Introduction to the Russian Aspectology]. Moscow, Jazyki russkoj kultury Publishing house, 2000.

13. Karcevski S. Système du vеrbe russe. Essai de linguistique synchronique. Prague, Plamуа, 1927.

14. Muchnik I.P. Grammaticheskie kategorii glagola i imeni v sovremennom russkom literaturnom jazyke [Grammatical categories of a verb and name in the modern Russian literary language]. Moscow, Nauka Publishing house, 1971.

15. Bondarko A.V. O vidah russkogo glagola (Iz problematiki sootnoshenija znachenij vida i sposobov dejstvija). Stat'ja pervaja [On types of the Russian verb (Problematics of aspect significances and ways of action relations). First article]. Russkij jazyk za rubezhom [Russian abroad]. 1975, no. 5(37). pp. 63–65.

16. Vinogradov V.V. Russkij jazyk [Russian]. Moscow, Vysshaja shkola Publishing house, 1972.

17. Glovinskaya M.Ya. Semanticheskie tipy vidovyh protivopostavlenij russkogo glagola [Semantic types of aspects oppositions of Russian verbs]. Moscow, Nauka Publishing house, 1982.

18. Sheljakin M.A. O spornyh voprosah russkoj aspektologii [On controversial issues of the Russian aspectology]. Trudy aspektologicheskogo seminara filologicheskogo fakul'teta MGU im. M.V.Lomonosova [Aspectological seminar works of Lomonosov MSU Philology faculty]. Moscow State University Publ., 1997, vol. 1, pp. 210-219.

19. Razmusen L. P. O glagol'nyh vremenah i ob otnoshenii ih k vidam v russkom, nemeckom i francuzskom jazykah [About verbal times and their relation to aspects in the Russian, German and French languages]. Zhurnal Ministerstva narodnogo prosveshhenija [Journal of the Ministry of Education]. 1891, part 275, pp. 376-417.

20. Bondarko A.V. O vidah russkogo glagola. Stat'ja vtoraja [About types of the Russian verbs. Second article]. Russkij jazyk za rubezhom [Russian abroad]. 1975, no. 6(38). pp. 63-65.

21. Takazov H.A. Kategorija glagola v sovremennom osetinskom jazyke [Category of a verb in modern Ossetic]. Doctoral dissertation (in Philology). Moscow, 1992.

22. Grammatika osetinskogo jazyka. Fonetika i morfologija [Ossetic grammar. Phonetics and morphology]. Ordzhonikidze, North Ossetian Research Institute Publ., 1963, vol. 1.

23. Isaev M.I. Digorskij dialekt osetinskogo jazyka [Digor dialect of Ossetic]. Moscow, Nauka Publishing house, 1966.

24. Abaev V.I. Grammaticheskij ocherk osetinskogo jazyka [Grammatical essay on Ossetic language]. Osetinsko-russkij slovar [Ossetian-Russian dictionary]. Vladikavkaz, Ir Publishing house, 2011, pp. 435-559.

25. Abaev V.I. Skifo-evropejskie izoglossy [Scythian-European isoglosses]. Moscow, Nauka Publishing house, 1965.

26. Plungyan V.A. Universal'nyj grammaticheskij nabor kak instrument grammaticheskoj tipologii [Universal grammatical set as a tool of grammatical typology]. Materialy mezhdunar. konf., posvjashhennoj 50-letiju Peterburgskoj tipologicheskoj shkoly [Materials of the international conference devoted to 50 anniversaries of Saint-Petersburg typological school]. St. Petersburg, 2011, pp. 142-145.

27. Osetinsko-russkij slovar' [Ossetian-Russian dictionary]. Sost. Bigulaev B.B., Gagkaev K.E., Kulaev N.H., Tuaeva O.N. [Authors B.B. Bigulayev, K.E. Gagkayev, N.Kh. Kulayev., O.N. Tuaeva]. Vladikavkaz, Ir Publishing house, 2011, 3^rd ed.

28. Miller V. Jazyk osetin [Language of Ossetians]. Moscow, Leningrad, Academy of Sciences of the USSR Publ., 1962.

29. Gabaraev N.Ya. Morfologicheskaja struktura slova i slovoobrazovanie v sovremennom osetinskom jazyke [Morphological structure of word and word formation in modern Ossetic]. Tbilisi, Metsniereba Publishing house, 1977.

30. Abaev V.I. Grammaticheskij ocherk osetinskogo jazyka [Grammatical essay on Ossetic language]. Ordzhonikidze, North Ossetian Book Publishing house, 1959.

Maslov Yu.S. Ocherki po aspektologii [Essays on Aspectology]. Leningrad, Leningrad State University Publ., 1984.