Keywords: North Caucasus, medical institutions, medical intelligentsia, military hospitals and infirmaries, medical-sanitary inspection, medical educational institutions

The article is devoted to the public health problems in the North Caucasus in XIX – early XX century. The objective and subjective factors that influenced on the formation of the medical institutions are considered. The lifts of the formation of the medical intelligentsia are determined. The dynamics of the development of a network of public health, medical services, and medical science in the region is shown. The causes of the negative demographic trends are investigated.