Keywords: Kabardino-Balkar Republic, history, politics, deportation, rehabilitation, Caucasian war, Сircassian question.

In the conditions of the Post-soviet political transition sharp rise of the influence of historically rooted political factors of regional development in the North Caucasus became visible. In Kabardino-Balkaria they manifested themselves in intra-republican as well as in «center-periphery» relations. The first aspect of the problem was related to the consequences of deportation of the Balkar population in 1944 and the problems of their subsequent rehabilitation. The second one most saliently revealed itself in the discussions of the Caucasian war aftermath and of the so called «Circassian question». The article presents comparative analysis of these two historically rooted political factors that essentially differed in the forms and intensity of their influence on the social situation in modern Kabardino-Balkaria. «Complete rehabilitation» of the Balkar people implied not only symbolic but also immediate material result — securing for the Balkar population the meaningful share of territorial and power resources of the republic. Eventual outcomes of the Circassian question’s solution were more far away and abstract and did not imply immediate improvement of the KBR Kabardin population’s condition. Demand of «complete rehabilitation» of the Balkar people was based on Russia’s and Kabardino-Balkar republic’s political and legal acts and took the form of realizing of the decisions already made, while «Circassian question» represented a set o claims by the Adyghe national organizations devoid of powers and resources to implement them. Rehabilitation was meant to change only inner ethno-political structure of the Kabardino-Balkar Republic while «Circassian question» involved actions on the national and international level etc. Nevertheless they have essentially common traits being oriented at the «overcoming the consequences» of the past events by creating the special conditions for separate ethnic groups today.

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